Helium Nanodroplets

The project explores the dynamics of neutral and ionic species dissolved into liquid helium nanodroplets. These droplets consisting of several thousands of helium atoms are superfluid and highly quantum systems. The questions we would like to address are related to the influence this remarkable environment has on the dynamics of embedded species and, vice versa, the influence of these species on the environment.

The experiments are carried out in an especially for this purpose constructed molecular beam machine, see the schematic overview below. The helium droplets are being formed by expanding helium gas at high pressure into a vacuum chamber through a small nozzle cooled down to cryogenic temperatures (6-20 K) by a closed cycle refrigerator. The beam of droplets enters a second vacuum chamber that can be flooded with another gas, typically at a pressure of 10-6 mbar. Upon colliding with a molecule the droplets pickup the molecule and continue their flight into the third vacuum chamber. The doping of the droplets by foreign species is checked by a quadrupole mass spectrometer located at the end of this vacuum chamber. The droplet beam is generally crossed by two laser beams. While the first laser beam excites the system, the second laser beam probes the effect of the excitation. Ions produced by second laser  are  accelerated towards a position sensitive detector by a specially designed electrode setup placed around the excitation region. By analyzing the position of the ion impacts on the detector the velocity distribution of the ions can be reconstructed.

The techniques described above have been applied for the investigation of a wide variety of systems and processes. These range from the photodissociation and photoionization of molecules, to exotic Rydberg states of helium droplets, to IR spectroscopy of molecular ions. Details of this research can be found in our publications.

2023

Journal Articles

Fast viral dynamics revealed by microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM

O. F. Harder; S. V. Barrass; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Nature Communications

2023-09-13

Vol. 14 , p. 5649.

DOI : 10.1038/s41467-023-41444-x

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Near-atomic resolution reconstructions from in situ revitrified cryo samples

G. Bongiovanni; O. F. Harder; J. M. Voss; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Structural Biology

2023-06-01

Vol. 79 , p. 473-478.

DOI : 10.1107/S2059798323003431

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Electron diffraction of deeply supercooled water in no man’s land

C. R. Krüger; N. J. Mowry; G. Bongiovanni; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Nature Communications

2023-05-17

Vol. 14 , p. 2812.

DOI : 10.48550/arxiv.2211.04419

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2022

Journal Articles

Diffraction imaging of light induced dynamics in xenon-doped helium nanodroplets

B. Langbehn; Y. Ovcharenko; A. Clark; M. Coreno; R. Cucini et al. 

New Journal of Physics

2022-11-30

Vol. 24 , num. 11, p. 113043.

DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/aca176

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Microsecond melting and revitrification of cryo samples with a correlative light-electron microscopy approach

G. Bongiovanni; O. F. Harder; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

2022-11-10

Vol. 9 .

DOI : 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1044509

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Visualizing Nanoscale Dynamics with Time-resolved Electron Microscopy

J. M. Voss; P. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Chimia

2022-09-21

Vol. 76 , num. 9, p. 754-762.

DOI : 10.2533/chimia.2022.754

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Microsecond melting and revitrification of cryo samples with a correlative light-electron microscopy approach

G. Bongiovanni; O. F. Harder; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

2022-09-14

DOI : 10.1101/2022.09.14.507962

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Microsecond melting and revitrification of cryo samples: protein structure and beam-induced motion

O. F. Harder; J. M. Voss; P. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology

2022-06-14

Vol. 78 , num. 7, p. 883-889.

DOI : 10.1107/S205979832200554X

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Accurate time zero determination in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope without energy filter

P. K. Olshin; J. M. Voss; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Applied Physics Letters

2022-03-10

Vol. 120 , num. 10, p. 104103.

DOI : 10.1063/5.0087850

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Theses

Second harmonic scattering of water in a biological context

T. Schönfeldová / Director(s) : S. Roke 

Lausanne: EPFL

2022

p. 149.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9937

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2021

Journal Articles

Microsecond melting and revitrification of cryo samples

J. M. Voss; O. F. Harder; P. K. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Structural Dynamics-Us

2021-09-01

Vol. 8 , num. 5, p. 054302.

DOI : 10.1063/4.0000129

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The fragmentation mechanism of gold nanoparticles in water under femtosecond laser irradiation

G. Bongiovanni; P. K. Olshin; C. Yan; J. M. Voss; M. Drabbels et al. 

Nanoscale Advances

2021-08-02

Vol. 3 , num. 18, p. 5277-5283.

DOI : 10.1039/d1na00406a

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Rapid melting and revitrification as an approach to microsecond time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy

J. M. Voss; O. F. Harder; P. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Chemical Physics Letters

2021-06-11

Vol. 778 , p. 138812.

DOI : 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138812

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Ultrafast Resonant Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Quantum Fluid Dynamics

A. LaForge; R. Michiels; Y. Ovcharenko; A. Ngai; J. Escartín et al. 

Physical Review X

2021-04-12

Vol. 11 , num. 2, p. 021011.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021011

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Evolution and ion kinetics of a XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters

R. Michiels; A. C. LaForge; M. Bohlen; C. Callegari; A. Clark et al. 

Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

2021-01-20

Vol. 54 , num. 2, p. 024002.

DOI : 10.1088/1361-6455/abcf80

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High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy with Bright Microsecond Electron Pulses

P. Olshin; G. Bongiovanni; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Microscopy and Microanalysis

2021

Vol. 27 , num. S1, p. 2714-2717.

DOI : 10.1017/S1431927621009569

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Theses

Coincidence imaging spectroscopy of extreme-ultraviolet photoionisation processes in molecules and clusters

A. D. B. Clark / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2021

p. 170.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-10520

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Combining cryognic ion spectroscopy with ion mobility for the study of glycan fragmentation

R. P. Pellegrinelli / Director(s) : T. Rizzo 

Lausanne: EPFL

2021

p. 106.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8916

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Studies of cold chemistry in crossed and merged neutral beams

S. Tanteri / Director(s) : A. Osterwalder 

Lausanne: EPFL

2021

p. 130.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8479

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Low-energy stereodynamics of ion-forming reactions

J. Zou / Director(s) : A. Osterwalder 

Lausanne: EPFL

2021

p. 110.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-10605

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2020

Journal Articles

Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Fast Nanoscale Dynamics with Bright Microsecond Electron Pulses

P. K. Olshin; G. Bongiovanni; M. Drabbels; U. Lorenz 

Nano Letters

2020-12-03

Vol. 21 , num. 1, p. 612–618.

DOI : 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04184

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Characterization of a time-resolved electron microscope with a Schottky field emission gun

P. K. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Structural Dynamics-Us

2020-09-01

Vol. 7 , num. 5, p. 054304.

DOI : 10.1063/4.0000034

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Intense microsecond electron pulses from a Schottky emitter

G. Bongiovanni; P. K. Olshin; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Applied Physics Letters

2020-06-09

Vol. 116 , num. 23, p. 234103.

DOI : 10.1063/5.0009442

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Time-resolved formation of excited atomic and molecular states in XUV-induced nanoplasmas in ammonia clusters

R. Michiels; A. C. LaForge; M. Bohlen; C. Callegari; A. Clark et al. 

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

2020-04-21

Vol. 22 , num. 15, p. 7828-7834.

DOI : 10.1039/d0cp00669f

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Tracking attosecond electronic coherences using phase-manipulated extreme ultraviolet pulses

A. Wituschek; L. Bruder; E. Allaria; U. Bangert; M. Binz et al. 

Nature Communications

2020-02-14

Vol. 11 , num. 1, p. 883.

DOI : 10.1038/s41467-020-14721-2

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Real-time observation of jumping and spinning nanodroplets

P. K. Olshin; J. M. Voss; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

Structural Dynamics

2020-01-14

Vol. 7 , num. 1, p. 011101.

DOI : 10.1063/1.5135699

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Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets

M. Mudrich; A. C. LaForge; A. Ciavardini; P. O’Keeffe; C. Callegari et al. 

Nature Communications

2020-01-08

Vol. 11 , num. 1, p. 112.

DOI : 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6

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2019

Journal Articles

In Situ Observation of Coulomb Fission of Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticles

J. M. Voss; P. K. Olshin; R. Charbonnier; M. Drabbels; U. J. Lorenz 

ACS Nano

2019-09-19

Vol. 13 , num. 11, p. 12445-12451.

DOI : 10.1021/acsnano.9b06664

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Real-Time Dynamics of the Formation of Hydrated Electrons upon Irradiation of Water Clusters with Extreme Ultraviolet Light

A. LaForge; R. Michiels; M. Bohlen; C. Callegari; A. Clark et al. 

Physical Review Letters

2019-04-04

Vol. 122 , num. 13, p. 133001.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.133001

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Theses

Orientation, rotation and solvation of ions in helium nanodroplets

V. Oliver Álvarez de Lara / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2019

p. 152.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9671

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2018

Journal Articles

Three-Dimensional Shapes of Spinning Helium Nanodroplets

B. Langbehn; K. Sander; Y. Ovcharenko; C. Peltz; A. Clark et al. 

Physical Review Letters

2018-12-17

Vol. 121 , num. 25, p. 255301.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.255301

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Helium-induced electronic transitions in photo-excited Ba+–Hen exciplexes

P. Vindel Zandbergen; M. Barranco; F. Cargnoni; M. Drabbels; M. Pi et al. 

The Journal of Chemical Physics

2018-04-14

Vol. 148 , num. 14, p. 144302.

DOI : 10.1063/1.5022863

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2017

Journal Articles

Harmonium: An Ultrafast Vacuum Ultraviolet Facility

C. A. Arrell; J. Ojeda; L. Longetti; A. Crepaldi; S. Roth et al. 

Chimia

2017

Vol. 71 , num. 5, p. 268-272.

DOI : 10.2533/chimia.2017.268

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2016

Journal Articles

Dynamics of photoexcited Ba+ cations in 4He nanodroplets

A. Leal; X. Zhang; M. Barranco; F. Cargnoni; A. Hernando de Castro et al. 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2016

Vol. 144 , p. 094302.

DOI : 10.1063/1.4942850

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Theses

Ultrafast Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Liquid Samples

J. J. P. Ojeda Andara / Director(s) : M. Chergui 

Lausanne: EPFL

2016

p. 194.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7122

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2015

Journal Articles

Migration of surface excitations in highly-excited nanosystems probed by intense resonant XUV radiation

R. Katzy; A. LaForge; Y. Ovcharenko; M. Coreno; M. Devetta et al. 

Journal of Physics B : atomic and molecular physics

2015

Vol. 48 , num. 24, p. 244011.

DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/48/24/244011

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Excitation of Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets: The 3p <-- 3s Transition Revisited

E. Loginov; A. Hernando de Castro; J. A. Beswick; N. Halberstadt; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2015

Vol. 119 , num. 23, p. 6033.

DOI : 10.1021/jp511885t

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The Low Density Matter (LDM) beamline of FERMI: optical layout and first commissioning

C. Svetina; C. Grazioli; M. Alagia; L. Avaldi; G. Cautero et al. 

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

2015

Vol. 22 , p. 538.

DOI : 10.1107/S1600577515005743

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Theses

Femtosecond diffractive imaging of structures, charge and spin textures

G. F. Mancini / Director(s) : F. Carbone 

Lausanne: EPFL

2015

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6550

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Fourier transform mass spectrometry at the uncertainty principle limit for improved qualitative and quantitative molecular analyses

A. Kozhinov / Director(s) : Y. O. Tsybin 

Lausanne: EPFL

2015

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6384

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2014

Journal Articles

Picosecond solvation dynamics of alkali cations in superfluid 4He nanodroplets

A. Leal; D. Mateo; A. Hernando de Castro; M. Pi; M. Barranco et al. 

Physical Review B

2014

Vol. 90 , p. 224518.

DOI : 10.1063/1.1416492

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Elementary Excitations of Superfluid Helium Droplets Probed by Ion Spectroscopy

X. Zhang; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

2014

Vol. 18 , p. 3100.

DOI : 10.1021/jz501530e

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Nucleation of quantized vortex rings in 4He nanodroplets

D. Mateo; A. Leal; A. Hernando; M. Barranco; M. Pi et al. 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2014

Vol. 140 , num. 14, p. 131101.

DOI : 10.1063/1.4870245

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Dynamics of Excited Sodium Atoms Attached to Helium Nanodroplets

E. Loginov; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2014

Vol. 118 , p. 2738.

DOI : 10.1021/jp4121996

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A Novel Collective Autoionization Process Observed in Electron Spectra of He Clusters

Y. Ovcharenko; V. Lyamayev; R. Katzy; M. Devetta; A. LaForge et al. 

Physical Review Letters

2014

Vol. 112 , p. 073401.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.073401

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Collective Autoionization in Multiply-Excited Systems: A novel ionization process observed in Helium Nanodroplets

A. LaForge; M. Drabbels; N. B. Brauer; M. Coreno; M. Di Fraia et al. 

Nature Scientific Reports

2014

Vol. 4 , p. 3621.

DOI : 10.1038/srep03621

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Theses

Capturing Non-local Effects in Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory

A. Laktionov / Director(s) : U. Röthlisberger 

Lausanne: EPFL

2014

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6317

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Low Energy Collisions in Merged Neutral Molecular Beams

B. Bertsche / Director(s) : A. Osterwalder 

Lausanne: EPFL

2014

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6210

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2013

Journal Articles

Critical Landau velocity in helium nanodroplets

N. B. Brauer; S. Smolarek; E. Loginov; D. Matéo; A. Hernando de Castro et al. 

Physical Review Letters

2013

Vol. 111 , p. 153002.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.153002

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Translational dynamics of photoexcited atoms in 4He nanodroplets: the case of silver

D. Mateo; A. Hernando de Castro; M. Barranco; E. Loginov; M. Drabbels et al. 

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

2013

Vol. 15 , p. 18388.

DOI : 10.1039/C3CP52221K

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EUV ionization of pure He nanodroplets: Mass-correlated photoelectron imaging, Penning ionization and electron energy-loss spectra

D. Buchta; S. R. Krishnan; N. B. Brauer; M. Drabbels; P. O’Keeffe et al. 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2013

Vol. 139 , p. 084301.

DOI : 10.1063/1.4818531

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Charge transfer and Penning ionization of dopants in or on helium nanodroplets exposed to EUV radiation

D. Buchta; S. R. Krishnan; N. B. Brauer; M. Drabbels; P. O’Keeffe et al. 

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2013

Vol. 117 , num. 21, p. 4394.

DOI : 10.1021/jp401424w

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A modular end-station for atomic, molecular, and cluster science at the Low Density Matter beamline of FERMI@Elettra

V. Lyamayev; Y. Ovcharenko; R. Katzy; M. Devetta; L. Bruder et al. 

Journal of Physics B : atomic and molecular physics

2013

Vol. 46 , p. 16400.

DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164007

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Theses

Spectroscopy and Photoexcitation Dynamics of Ions in Helium Nanodroplets

X. Zhang / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2013

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-5930

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Photo-Induced Dynamics in Doped Helium Nanodroplets

N. B. Brauer / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2013

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-5764

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2012

Journal Articles

Barium Ions and Helium Nanodroplets: Solvation and Desolvation

X. Zhang; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2012

Vol. 137 , p. 051102.

DOI : 10.1063/1.4743900

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Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Barium-doped Helium Nanodroplets

E. Loginov; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2012

Vol. 136 , p. 154302.

DOI : 10.1063/1.3701565

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Desorption of alkali atoms from 4He nanodroplets

A. Hernando; M. Barranco; M. Pi; E. Loginov; M. Langlet et al. 

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

2012

Vol. 14 , p. 3996-4010.

DOI : 10.1039/C2CP23526A

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Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Molecular Ions in Helium Nanodroplets

X. Zhang; N. B. Brauer; G. Berden; A. Rijs; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2012

Vol. 136 , p. 044305.

DOI : 10.1063/1.3678011

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2011

Journal Articles

Electronic Spectroscopy of Aniline Ions Embedded in Helium Nanodroplets

N. B. Brauer; S. Smolarek; X. Zhang; W. J. Buma; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

2011

Vol. 2 , p. 1563.

DOI : 10.1021/jz200632s

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Unusual Rydberg System Consisting of a Positively Charged Helium Nanodroplet with an Orbiting Electron

E. Loginov; M. Drabbels 

Physical Review Letters

2011

Vol. 106 , p. 083401.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.083401

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Spectroscopy on Rydberg states of sodium atoms on the surface of helium nanodroplets

E. Loginov; C. Callegari; F. Ancilotto; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2011

Vol. 115 , p. 6779.

DOI : 10.1021/jp111146n

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Theses

UV and IR laser spectroscopy of isolated molecular structural dynamics

S. Smolarek / Director(s) : W. J. Buma; M. Drabbels; A. M. Rijs 

Universiteit van Amsterdam

2011

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2010

Journal Articles

IR spectroscopy of molecular ions by nonthermal ion ejection from helium nanodroplets

S. Smolarek; N. B. Brauer; W. J. Buma; M. Drabbels 

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2010

Vol. 132 , p. 14086.

DOI : 10.1021/ja1034655

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Absorption spectroscopy of adenine, 9-methyladenine, and 2-aminopurine in helium nanodroplets

S. Smolarek; A. M. Rijs; W. J. Buma; M. Drabbels 

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

2010

Vol. 12 , p. 15600.

DOI : 10.1039/C0CP00746C

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High-resolution excitation and absorption spectroscopy of gas-phase p-coumaric acid: unveiling an elusive chromophore

S. Smolarek; A. Vdovin; D. Perrier; J. Smit; M. Drabbels et al. 

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2010

Vol. 132 , num. 18, p. 6315-6317.

DOI : 10.1021/ja101668v

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2009

Journal Articles

Conformational flexibility of a rotaxane thread probed by electronic spectroscopy in helium nanodroplets

S. Smolarek; A. M. Rijs; J. S. Hannam; D. A. Leigh; M. Drabbels et al. 

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2009

Vol. 131 , p. 12902.

DOI : 10.1021/ja905973v

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Student Projects

Photodynamics of Li-doped Helium Nanodroplets

M. Langlet 

2009

Advisor(s): M. Drabbels

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2008

Journal Articles

A New Sensitive Detection Scheme for Helium Nanodroplet Isolation Spectroscopy: Application to Benzene

E. Loginov; A. Braun; M. Drabbels 

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

2008

Vol. 10 , p. 6107.

DOI : 10.1039/b808211a

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Theses

Photoexcitation and photoionization dynamics of doped liquid helium-4 nanodroplets

E. Loginov / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2008

p. 196.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-4207

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2007

Journal Articles

Photodissociation of Alkyl Iodides in Helium Nanodroplets III: Recombination

A. Braun; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2007

Vol. 127 , p. 114305.

DOI : 10.1063/1.2767263

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Photodissociation of Alkyl Iodides in Helium Nanodroplets II: Solvation Dynamics

A. Braun; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2007

Vol. 127 , p. 114304.

DOI : 10.1063/1.2767262

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Photodissociation of Alkyl Iodides in Helium Nanodroplets I: Kinetic Energy Transfer

A. Braun; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Chemical Physics

2007

Vol. 127 , p. 114303.

DOI : 10.1063/1.2767261

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Excited State Dynamics of Ag Atoms in Helium Nanodroplets

E. Loginov; M. Drabbels 

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2007

Vol. 111 , num. 31, p. 7504.

DOI : 10.1021/jp0716278

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2005

Journal Articles

A Simple Procedure to Extract Speed Distributions from Ion Images with a Large Background Contribution

A. Braun; M. Drabbels 

Review of Scientific Instruments

2005

Vol. 76 , p. 113103.

DOI : 10.1063/1.2130941

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Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Doped Helium Droplets

E. Loginov; D. Rossi; M. Drabbels 

Physical Review Letters

2005

Vol. 95 , num. 16, p. 163401.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.163401

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Theses

Slow dynamics in biomolecules studied by NMR spectroscopy

J. Wist / Director(s) : G. Bodenhausen 

Lausanne: EPFL

2005

p. 159.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-3279

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Student Projects

Spectroscopy on species in helium droplets using an ionization-based detection system

D. Rossi 

2005

Advisor(s): M. Drabbels

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2004

Journal Articles

Sign of the state-to-state steric asymmetry of rotationally inelastic atom-molecule collisions

A. Gijsbertsen; M. J. L. de Lange; A. E. Wiskerke; H. Linnartz; M. Drabbels et al. 

Chemical Physics

2004

Vol. 301 , num. 2-3, p. 293.

DOI : 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.02.003

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Imaging the Translational Dynamics of CF3 in Liquid Helium Droplets

M. Drabbels; A. Braun 

Physical Review Letters

2004

Vol. 93 , p. 253401.

DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.253401

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Theses

Ultrafast structural dynamics in electronically excited many-body systems

L. Bonacina / Director(s) : M. Chergui 

Lausanne: EPFL

2004

p. 212.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-3148

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Photodissociation studies of CH3I and CF3I in fluid 4Helium nanodroplets

A. Braun / Director(s) : M. Drabbels 

Lausanne: EPFL

2004

p. 235.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-2967

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